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Chapter
12:
'Id/Eid Service (Hadith -- The
Traditions):
(Note:
The superscript-numbers [e.g., intention2]
that
appear in the text [in
pink]
refer to the numbers of the explanatory footnotes that
appear at the end of each Hadith
[Tradition].)
1
Ibn `Umar reported that,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, mentioned Ramadzan and said:
"Do not keep the fast until
you see the new moon, and do not discontinue the keeping
of fast until you see it (again), and if it be veiled to
you (by cloud, etc.), have it measured." (B. 30 :
11.)
2
Ibn `Umar reported that'
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, said:
"The month is (sometimes)
twenty-nine nights, so do not keep the fast until you see
(the new moon), and if it be veiled to you (by cloud,
etc.), then complete the number of
thirty."1
(B. 30 : 11.)
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1
The interval between one new moon and the next is
sometimes twenty-nine days and sometimes thirty. If
there is cloud or mist, and the new moon cannot be
seen, there are two ways suggested to determine its
appearance; either thirty days may be completed (h.
2), or the appearance of the new moon may be
determined by calculation based on the course of
the moon (h. 1). According to another hadith (B. 30
: 13), the Arabs did not keep an account of the
course of the moon, and therefore the easier way
for them was to complete the interval of thirty
days. It follows, therefore, that it is not
forbidden for a people who keep the account to
determine the appearance of the moon from its
course. This would bring about more uniformity in
the observance of the `Id in one country. Wireless,
however, has made uniformity possible even in the
actual appearance of the moon is depended
upon.
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3
Abu Sa`id said,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, used to
go forth on the day of the Fitr and Adzha to the Musalla; so
the first thing that he did was the saying of prayer; then
he turned and stood facing the people while the people were
sitting in their rows, and he admonished them and gave them
injunctions and commands; then if he intended to raise an
army, he gave the orders for it, or if he intended to
command any (other) thing, he commanded it; then he
returned.2
(B. 13 : 6.)
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2
The Musalla (lit. the place of prayer) means
here the place where the `Id service was generally
held. In the `Id service, the prayers were said
first and the sermon delivered afterwards. The
sermon not only contained general injunctions but
also dealt with measures relating to the welfare of
the community.
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4
Ibn `Abbas reported that,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, said
two rak`ahs of prayer on the day of the Fitr, and he did not
say any prayer before it, nor after it; then he came to the
women and with him was Bilal, and he commanded them to give
charity; so the began to throw away (their ornaments),-- a
woman gave away her ear-ring and her
necklace.3
(B. 13 : 8.)
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3
In the sermon the men were asked to join the army
if the raising of an army was necessary, and the
women were asked to contribute to the expenses.
Charity in the Holy Prophet's day was directed as
much towards the defence of the community as
towards the help of the poor.
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5
Jabir ibn Samurah said,
I said both the `Id prayers with the Prophet, peace and
blessings of Allah be on him, not once or twice, without
adhan and without iqamah. (M-Msh.
4 : 47.)
6
Kathir reported on the authority of his grandfather
that,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, uttered
takbirs in both `Id services seven times in the first
(rak`ah) before the recitation (of the Fatihah), and five
times in the second (rak`ah) before
recitation.4
(Tr-Msh. 4 :
47.)
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4
According to another hadith, four takbirs were
uttered (AD-Msh. 4 : 47).
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7
Umm `Atiyyah said,
We (women) were commanded to go forth on the day of `Id, in
so far as to make a virgin leave her curtain and to require
(even) menstruating women to turn out; and they (the women)
were behind the men, and they uttered the takbir, along with
their takbir, and they made their supplications along with
their supplications, hoping for the blessings of that day
and its purification.5
(B. 13 : 12.)
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5
All women, even young girls, were commanded to go
forth for the `Id service. Menstruating women took
part in all functions; only they did not join the
prayer-service (B. 13 : 15).
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8
Anas ordered his slave Ibn Abi `Utbah at Zawiya, so he
gathered together the people of his household and his sons,
and held prayer service just as the residents of the towns
hold prayer service and utter takbirs. (B.
13 : 25.)
9
Anas said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, did not go out on the morning of the day of the Fitr
till he had eaten some dates.6
(B. 13 : 4.)
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6
Being the festival of breaking fasts, it is
necessary that something should be eaten before
prayer. According to another hadith, food should be
taken on the `Id al-Adzha after prayers have been
said, but this perhaps refers to partaking of the
meat of the animal sacrificed.
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10
Ibn `Abbas said,
TThe Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, used to take a bath on the day of the Fitr and the day
of the Adzha. (IM. 5 : 164.)
11
It is reported on the authority of `Abd Allah ibn Busr
that,
He went forth with the people on the day of the Fitr or the
Adzha, and disapproved of the delay of the imam and said, We
used to have finished by this time; and it was the time of
the prayer after sunrise. 7
(IM. 5 :
165.)
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7
The time of the `Id prayer is the breakfast
time.
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12
Jabir said,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, used to
change the route on the day of the `Id.8
(B. 13 : 24.)
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8
He went to the place of prayer by one way and came
back by another, so that greater numbers of the
public might see with their own eyes that Muslims
sought communion with the Divine Being even in
their festivals.
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13
Bara' said:
I heard the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him,
delivering a sermon, so he said:
"The first thing that we do
on this day of ours is that we say prayers, then we go
back and sacrifice (an animal); so whoever does (this)
abides by our sunnah."9
(B. 13 : 3.)
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9
This relates to the `Id al-Adzha. Sacrifice was not
allowed before prayers, for such procedure would
have given precedence to the physical enjoyment of
partaking of meat over the spiritual bliss of
bowing before God.
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14
Abu Hurairah said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, said:
"Whoever has the means but
does not sacrifice (an animal), let him not come to our
place of prayer." (Ah. II, 321.)
15
Jabir said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, said:
"Do not slaughter but a
musinnah, unless it is difficult for you (to get
it); in that case, slaughter a jadha`ah from among
the sheep.10
(M-Msh. 4 :
48.)
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10
Musinnah means full-grown, "and is
applied to an animal of the ox-kind and to the
sheep or goat, at the least in the third
year." Jadha`ah "as applied to a sheep,
a year old; and sometime less than a year...; or
eight months old or nine... or from six
months old to seven....... and applied
to a goat a year old........; applied to a bull, in
his second year or in his third
year;........ and applied to a camel in his fifth
year" (LL).
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16
Bara' ibn `Azib reported that,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, was asked as to what sacrifices should be avoided. He
pointed out with his hand and said:
"Four : The lame one whose
limping is manifest and the blind of one eye whose
disfigurement is manifest, and the diseased one whose
disease is manifest, and the emaciated one which has no
marrow left in its bones."11
(AD-Msh. 4 :
48.)
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11
This shows that the animal to be sacrificed should
be healthy and sound, without any manifest
disfigurement.
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17
Jabir reported that,
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him,
said,
"(Sacrifice
of)12
a cow (suffices) for seven, (persons) and that of a camel
for seven (persons). (M-Msh. 4 : 48.)
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12
One goat or one sheep for one man or one household
is the rule, but a cow or a camel would suffice for
seven, the latter even for ten according to another
hadith. (Tr-Msh. 4 : 48).
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18
Ibn `Umar said,
Al-Adzha lasts two days after the day of
Adzha.13
(M-Msh. 4 :
48.)
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13
The animal to be sacrificed may be slaughtered on
the day of the `Id after the prayers have been said
or at any time during the two following days, these
being the days of the pilgrims' stay in
Mina.
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19
Ibn `Umar said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, made the charity of the Fitr--one sa` of dates or one
sa` of barley--obligatory on every slave and free man, male
and female, minor and major, from among Muslims, and ordered
that it should be paid before people go out for (`Id)
prayer. 14
(B. 24 : 70.)
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14
Charity, like prayer, constitutes a distinguishing
characteristic of both `Id festivals. In the `Id
al-Adzha, charity takes the form of the
distribution of the meat of the sacrificed animal,
and the price of its skin which must be devoted to
some charitable object; and in the `Id al-Fitr, it
is made obligatory in the form of Fitr charity. The
sa` was an Arab measure for grain weighing about
four seers. Under present conditions money-value of
the sa` would be about four annas in Pakistan, and
that may safely be taken as the standard for Fitr
charity for each individual, including
children.
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20
Abu Hurairah said,
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be on
him, appointed me to guard the charity of Ramadzan.
15
(B. 40 : 10.)
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15
In the Holy Prophet's time, the Fitr charity was
collected at a centre and then distributed. The
present practice in the Muslim world to leave it to
individual choice is against the Holy Prophet's
Sunnah . Worked out as an institution as it was in
the Holy Prophet's time, it can prove a source of
immense benefit to the Muslim community.
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21
Ibn `Umar said,
Two `Ids occurred together16
in the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings
of Allah be on him, so he performed the (`Id) prayer with
the people, then said :
"Whoever desires to come to
the Friday service, he may come; and whoever desires to
remain absent, he may remain absent."
(IM. 5 : 162.)
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16
By two `Ids are meant the `Id and
Friday.
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22
`A'ishah reported that,
Abu Bakr paid her a visit in the days of Mina, and with her
were two girls playing on a tambourine and beating (it), and
the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him, had
covered himself up with his cloth. Abu Bakr upbraided them,
but the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be on him,
uncovered his face and said: "Leave them alone, O Abu Bakr!
for these are the days of `Id." (B. 13 : 25.)
Top
Hadith
Section
> A
Manual of Hadith
> Chapter 12: 'Id/Eid Service (Hadith -- The Traditions)
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